Gene Editing and Effect of ANP32 Proteins Splicing Variant for Viral Replication: A Review

Because of the expanding human population, we must produce more food while lessening the environmental impact of farming. Cattle productivity has been revolutionized by selective breeding and genomic selection. Currently, transgenic and genome-editing technologies have promising prospects for producing cattle that are healthier and more productive. The 220–291 amino acid proteins that make up the acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 kDa (ANP32) family have been evolutionarily conserved and are distinguished by a low-complexity acidic region (LCAR) at the C-terminus and an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR). Numerous physiological processes, such as chromatin remodeling, apoptosis, and nervous system development, are regulated by proteins belonging to the ANP32 family. Tumorigenesis and abnormal ANP32 expression are tightly associated. The ANP32 family proteins' ability to promote influenza virus replication and limit the spread of the virus across species has drawn a lot of attention to their role in viral infections in recent years. Additionally, the replication of non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses (NNSVs) and HIV is intimately linked to ANP32 proteins. The broad physiological roles of the proteins of the ANP32 family and their involvement in virus replication are outlined in detail in this paper.